Highly Effective Study Method Essay -- Best Study Method

The objective of this essay is to attempt to construct an ideal study method based on accepted theory and empirical evidence on how it improves memory. The layout of this essay will first state a suggested study habit known and thereafter stipulate the theory from which it was drawn from, providing empirical evidence that supports the theory. The study methods that will be discussed are depth of processing and elaboration, encoding specificity and state dependent learning, practice and consolidation, mnemonics and retrieval failures. The first study habit to be tackled is to match learning and testing conditions, suggests that memory gets more recovered when the encoding and retrieval conditions relate to each other as close as possible. This theory is called the encoding specificity principle, according to Godden & Baddeley we encode information based on when it takes place. When you study or encode information in a classroom you are more likely to retrieve it later on when you are tested on the material, reason being is simply that you have matched the conditions of encoding to that of retrieving memory because you retrieve memories in the place where they were received (Sternberg, Sternberg & Mio, 2012). This theory of encoding specificity was established due to the experiment that was conducted by Godden and Baddeley in 1975 and was therefore titled the â€Å"DIVING EXPERIMENT†. The procedure of the experiment was, they divided the participants into two groups were one group was required to wear diving apparatus and had to study a list of words while underwater. The other group was taken on land and they were also given a list of words to study. Later on the two groups were further divided so that half of the participants w... ...raik, F.I.M., & Lockhart, R.S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for Memory Research. Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior,11,671-684. Craik, F.I.M., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 268-294. Coon, D., Mitterer, J.O. (2011).‘Introduction to Psychology: Active Learning through Modules’ (12th edition). China: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. Gooden, D.R., & Baddeley, A.D. (1975). Context-dependent Memory into Two Natural Environments: On land and underwater. British Journal of Psychology, 66(3): 325-31. Sternberg, R.J., Sternberg, K, Mio, J (2012). Cognition . (6th edition). Canada: Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. Baddeley A.D (1997). ‘Human Memory: Theory and practice’(Revised Edition). United Kingdom: Hove: Taylor & Transis Group.

Quasar Computers and Different Market Structures

Quasar monopolized the market with the creation of an all-optical imputer known as Neutron. Patents promote innovation for inventors, which allow exclusive rights to do business for a specific duration (McConnell, Bruce, & Flynn 2009). A patent for this new technology allowed Quasar to experience growth in revenues by setting the price as the only provider of an all-optical computer. Quasar established that marginal cost and marginal revenue were equal when selling each Neutron computer at $2,550 with quantities sold was at 5. Units. This helped Quasar determine the need for maximizing future profits to stay competitive with cost reductions in production. Oligopoly In 2006, Quasar was in an oligopolies market because they were already competing with Orion Technologies, a company that recently introduced their own optical notebook computers. During this time of competition, Quasar and Orion mutually stabilized the price for notebooks and both were generating profits.As Orion Technolog y introduced their optical computer to market which resulted In a 50% consumption, Quasar decided that the price of the computer would drop to $1850, creating a profit of $207 and revenues equally $1195 million. Although Orion did make a dent in the optical computer industry they were not able to capitalize on the market. Despite the fact that they were holding the other 50%, they lost profits even though the revenues were equivalent to Quasars. Monopolistic Competition In 2010, Quasar was facing more challenges because of the variety of computer models introduced by other new companies.They were in a monopolistic competition, and Quasar thought of another strategy to keep differentiated from their competitors. They allocated a budget of $200 million to invest in brand development. Because of that Ceres was born, another variation of the optical notebook. Ceres was specifically designed for a new end user, thus distinguishing itself from the Neutron. In a monopolistic competition, b rand development Is vital for maximizing profit higher price for their superior quality products (Fischer, Violence, & Settler, 2010). Pure Competition The final market was the perfect competition.Quasar is well established in the market in 2012. Quasar has obtained controlling interests in Optic for optical display screens (ODDS) technology. The competitive edge with Optic will increase revenues but will require continued innovation to avoid the profit loss. Using a similar strategy that Quasar used in 2005, profits can be maximized by lowering the costs of production. Because Optic operates in a pure competition market, revenue will increase but eventually the competitors will copy Optician's example limiting the economic edge to a short period.Conclusion In each market structure, Quasar made choices that were unique in the structures to maximize profits for each market. The choices made in a monopoly are different from the decisions that needed to be made in other structures. The simulation allowed the opportunity to see how market structure decisions impacted the overall profitability of Quasar over a span of several years. Our findings produced the best exults for Quasar under each organizational change occurring over a span of a few years.

Britains Imperial Expansion the Scramble for Africa

Was the ‘Scramble for Africa’ typical of the way Britain pursued imperial expansion from 1800-1900? During the period 1800-1900, Britain rapidly expanded its formal Empire to occupy an area of 4 million square miles. However, there is no simple elucidation as to the exact factor that motivated the British to pursue imperial expansion – rather, there are several aspects to consider. The ‘Scramble for Africa’ was part of the ‘New Imperialism’ period, an era of colonial expansion involving the major powers of the World: European Powers, the Empire of Japan, and The United States of America – and involved new concepts and ideologies that made it different from the way Britain usually pursued imperial expansion. Britain was the first†¦show more content†¦In order to avoid bringing conflict into Europe, the Berlin conference of 1884-1885 sliced Africa into 50 different colonies in an attempt to create a power balance. Britain however, received the largest slice of Africa, with Cecil Rhodes’ famous illustration ‘The Rhodes Colossus Striding from Cape Town to Cairo’ in Punch Magazine, 1892 by Edward Linley Sambourne depicting Britain’s motive in Africa: To industrialise and modernise Africa, with things such as the telegraph, by force if necessary (as seen by the rifle that Rhodes holds in the image). Rhodes was in charge of the British South Africa Company, while Sir William Mackinnon was in charge of the British East Africa Company. The main objectives of these Chartered Companies were to secure administrative control over areas with valuable resources that would fund and boost economic growth and power industry in Britain. Although Chartered Companies can be traced back to the medieval period, it was during this period of Industrial Revolution that competition was highest, and the race for world domination grew, resulting in the new idea of slicing Africa into shares for investment. 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